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细节见人品,小事见人心

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六国论 苏洵 〔宋代〕

朱莹莹 e93a53c0-b761-1036-8a7b-ef16cba5f6da zyingying1@kinlong.cn | ‎ | 48 Views

六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦。赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也。或曰:六国互丧,率赂秦耶?曰:不赂者以赂者丧,盖失强援,不能独完。故曰:弊在赂秦也。

  秦以攻取之外,小则获邑,大则得城。较秦之所得,与战胜而得者,其实百倍;诸侯之所亡,与战败而亡者,其实亦百倍。则秦之所大欲,诸侯之所大患,固不在战矣。思厥先祖父,暴霜露,斩荆棘,以有尺寸之地。子孙视之不甚惜,举以予人,如弃草芥。今日割五城,明日割十城,然后得一夕安寝。起视四境,而秦兵又至矣。然则诸侯之地有限,暴秦之欲无厌,奉之弥繁,侵之愈急。故不战而强弱胜负已判矣。至于颠覆,理固宜然。古人云:“以地事秦,犹抱薪救火,薪不尽,火不灭。”此言得之。

  齐人未尝赂秦,终继五国迁灭,何哉?与嬴而不助五国也。五国既丧,齐亦不免矣。燕赵之君,始有远略,能守其土,义不赂秦。是故燕虽小国而后亡,斯用兵之效也。至丹以荆卿为计,始速祸焉。赵尝五战于秦,二败而三胜。后秦击赵者再,李牧连却之。洎牧以谗诛,邯郸为郡,惜其用武而不终也。且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际,可谓智力孤危,战败而亡,诚不得已。向使三国各爱其地,齐人勿附于秦,刺客不行,良将犹在,则胜负之数,存亡之理,当与秦相较,或未易量。

  呜呼!以赂秦之地封天下之谋臣,以事秦之心礼天下之奇才,并力西向,则吾恐秦人食之不得下咽也。悲夫!有如此之势,而为秦人积威之所劫,日削月割,以趋于亡。为国者无使为积威之所劫哉!

  夫六国与秦皆诸侯,其势弱于秦,而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势。苟以天下之大,下而从六国破亡之故事,是又在六国下矣。

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